Post by account_disabled on Oct 26, 2023 3:27:52 GMT -5
The war in Ukraine impacted the world with the series of attacks initiated by Russia in February 2022, a conflict perpetuated since the 20th century, in the post-war scenario, in order to reestablish sovereignty and take over territories. Consequently, it resulted in approximately a total of 5.6 million Ukrainian refugees across Europe who were forced to abandon their homes, families and jobs in search of protection, among these, mainly women and children who were exposed to sexual abuse and rape, human trafficking, torture, mistreatment and brutal deaths, similarly, regions that suffered attacks on public buildings and large-scale destruction of units that provided basic goods and services to the Ukrainian population.
The lack of Petroleum Manufacturers Email Lists compliance with IHL standards during the conflict has led to increasing reports of serious violations of the rights of these vulnerable groups. Against this background, there is a crucial need to investigate and analyze in depth the extent of IHL violations targeting women and children during the war in Ukraine, assessing the underlying factors that contribute to these violations and their humanitarian, legal and social consequences.
In this way, contribute to knowledge and provide visibility, aiming to emphasize the importance of public awareness and discernment regarding violations of IHL against women and children in Ukraine, aiming to stimulate discussions and actions that promote the protection of these groups, in order to promote this set of laws that seeks to protect civilians and refugees in times of war, limiting attacks and establishing rules for countries participating in armed conflicts. The study was carried out based on a bibliographical review, exposing data, reports and doctrines that deal with the topic, from the initial context of the war, to the beginning of the bombings and attacks by Russian troops, decimating the lives of thousands of children and women. .
Keywords: Women, Children, War, Ukraine, International Humanitarian Law.1. INTRODUCTIONThe implementation of armed conflicts exposes expansionist and dominant characteristics to guarantee the protection of borders and territories, in addition to establishing the sovereignty of one State over another. From this perspective, war brings with it a series of trails of destruction, not just territorial, but social, economic, political impacts and diplomatic conflicts.
In the current context, the world witnessed the war between Ukraine and Russia, with the first large-scale invasion initiated by Russian troops on February 24, 2022 in an attempt to occupy the capital of Ukraine, Kiev. However, the scenario of this conflict proved to be different from the perspective of the Ukrainians, as they believe that the seizure of territories began in 2014, when the Russians occupied some regions, thus, with the aim of establishing strong dominance over the Crimean peninsula. (Ferraro, 2022).
With the continuation of armed conflicts and the occupation of Russian troops in Ukrainian territory, by April 2022 it was estimated that around 10 million civilians had taken refuge in other countries, mostly women and children, totaling 90% of refugees, around of 25% of the population of the entire Ukrainian territory (UN News, 2022).
According to the executive director of UN Women, Sima Bahous, after numerous reports received, women and children were victims of violence, abuse, sexual exploitation, human trafficking and other types of violence linked to the female gender (Nações Unidas Brasil, 2022). In addition to these, the lack of access to essential services and goods were also affected, making it impossible for them to receive shelter, food and assistance, which had severe impacts on the victims' mental health.
Therefore, in order to inhibit or minimize the effects of wars, conflicts and massacres against refugees, in addition to combating the violation of the rights of those who participate in war indirectly, as in the case of civilians and prisoners of war, International Humanitarian Law (IHL) ) has its application in times of armed conflicts, where it establishes basic principles, rules and limits regarding the use of violence and attacks by participating States (Souza, 2017).
The lack of Petroleum Manufacturers Email Lists compliance with IHL standards during the conflict has led to increasing reports of serious violations of the rights of these vulnerable groups. Against this background, there is a crucial need to investigate and analyze in depth the extent of IHL violations targeting women and children during the war in Ukraine, assessing the underlying factors that contribute to these violations and their humanitarian, legal and social consequences.
In this way, contribute to knowledge and provide visibility, aiming to emphasize the importance of public awareness and discernment regarding violations of IHL against women and children in Ukraine, aiming to stimulate discussions and actions that promote the protection of these groups, in order to promote this set of laws that seeks to protect civilians and refugees in times of war, limiting attacks and establishing rules for countries participating in armed conflicts. The study was carried out based on a bibliographical review, exposing data, reports and doctrines that deal with the topic, from the initial context of the war, to the beginning of the bombings and attacks by Russian troops, decimating the lives of thousands of children and women. .
Keywords: Women, Children, War, Ukraine, International Humanitarian Law.1. INTRODUCTIONThe implementation of armed conflicts exposes expansionist and dominant characteristics to guarantee the protection of borders and territories, in addition to establishing the sovereignty of one State over another. From this perspective, war brings with it a series of trails of destruction, not just territorial, but social, economic, political impacts and diplomatic conflicts.
In the current context, the world witnessed the war between Ukraine and Russia, with the first large-scale invasion initiated by Russian troops on February 24, 2022 in an attempt to occupy the capital of Ukraine, Kiev. However, the scenario of this conflict proved to be different from the perspective of the Ukrainians, as they believe that the seizure of territories began in 2014, when the Russians occupied some regions, thus, with the aim of establishing strong dominance over the Crimean peninsula. (Ferraro, 2022).
With the continuation of armed conflicts and the occupation of Russian troops in Ukrainian territory, by April 2022 it was estimated that around 10 million civilians had taken refuge in other countries, mostly women and children, totaling 90% of refugees, around of 25% of the population of the entire Ukrainian territory (UN News, 2022).
According to the executive director of UN Women, Sima Bahous, after numerous reports received, women and children were victims of violence, abuse, sexual exploitation, human trafficking and other types of violence linked to the female gender (Nações Unidas Brasil, 2022). In addition to these, the lack of access to essential services and goods were also affected, making it impossible for them to receive shelter, food and assistance, which had severe impacts on the victims' mental health.
Therefore, in order to inhibit or minimize the effects of wars, conflicts and massacres against refugees, in addition to combating the violation of the rights of those who participate in war indirectly, as in the case of civilians and prisoners of war, International Humanitarian Law (IHL) ) has its application in times of armed conflicts, where it establishes basic principles, rules and limits regarding the use of violence and attacks by participating States (Souza, 2017).